Reported speech

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Reported speech


I: Direct speech and indirect speech.

1.    Direct speech ( lời nói trực tiếp )

Ex : She said “ I will help you. “

2.    Indirect speech ( lời nói gián tiếp )

Ex : she said that she would help me.

II : Các dạng câu tường thuật.

1.    Reported statements ( Tường thuật câu trần thuật ).

 Ex1:  Direct :Tom said “ I am feeling ill “

          Indirect: Tom said that he was feeling ill.

Ex 2 : Direct : He said to me “ I haven’t finished my work “

          Indirect : He said to me he hadn’t finished his work.

2.    Reported Y/N questions - Câu hỏi tường thuật Yes/ No.

 

Form : S + asked / wanted to know / wondered + if / whether + S + V.

Ex  :  Direct : “ Are you a student ? “ He asked me

         Indirect : He asked me if I was a student.

3.    Reported wh-questions - Câu hỏi tường thuật có từ để hỏi.

Form : S + asked / wanted to know /wondered + Wh- question + S +V.

Ex :  Direct : “ How are you ? “ Tom asked us.

        Indirect : Tom asked us How we were.

4.    Tường thuật câu mệnh lệnh ở dạng khẳng định.

Form : S + told + O + to V.

Ex : Direct : “ Please wait for me here, Marry” Tom said.

        Indirect : Tom told Marry to wait for him there.

5.    Tường thuật câu mệnh lệnh ở dạng phủ định.

Form : S + told + O + not-to V.

Ex : Direct : “ Don’t talk in the class “ The teacher said to the students.

       Indirect : The teacher told to the students not to talk in the class .

III :Biến đổi thì của động từ và động từ khuyết thiếu theo bảng sau:

      Direct speech

Reported speech

Present simple

Past simple

Present continuous

Past continuous

Present perfect

Past perfect

Past simple

Past perfect

Present perfect continuous

Past perfect continuous

Past continuous

Past perfect continuous

Will

Would

Can

Could

must/ have to

had to

May

Might

 

IV : Biến đổi đại từ và các từ hạn định theo bảng sau:

 

Direct speech

Reported speech

Subject pronouns

I

he/ she

You

I/ We/ They

We

We/ They

Object pronouns

me

him/ her

you

me/ us/ them

us

us/ them

Possessive adjectives

my

his/ her

your

my/ our/ their

our

our/ their

Possessive pronouns

mine

his/ hers

yours

mine/ ours/ theirs

ours

ours/ theirs

Demonstratives

this

the/ that

these

the/ those

 

IV: Biến đổi trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian và nơi chốn theo bảng sau:

Direct speech

Reported speech

here

There

now

then/ at that moment

today/ tonight

that day/ that night

tomorrow

the next day

next week

the following week

yesterday

the previous day
the day before

last week

the week before

ago

Before

 

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